Unit – I PART - A
1. Define transient response.The storage elements deliver their energy to the resistances, hence the response changes with time, gets saturated after sometime, and is referred to the transient response. 2. Define forced response.
3. Compare steady state and transient state
4. Define transient state and transient time?
Transient State: When a circuit is switched from one state to another, the current in the circuit changes. The change will depend on the properties of the circuit. The behavior of the voltage or current when it changed from one state to another state is called Transient state.
Transient Time: The time taken for the circuit to change from one steady state to another steady state is called the Transient Time.
5. Draw the DC response of R-L circuit and the response curve.
6. Draw the DC response of R-C circuit and the response curve
7. Draw the DC response of R-L –C circuit and the response curve
8. Draw the sinusoidal response of R-L circuit and write the differential equation.
9. Draw the sinusoidal response of R-C circuit and write the differential equation.
10. Draw the sinusoidal response of R-L -C circuit and write the differential equation.
11. Define Laplace transform.
12. Write 2 properties of Laplace transformations.
13. Give an example for forced response
14. Define Zero- Input response
15. Define Zero – State response
16. Write the steps to be involved in the determination of initial conditions
17. Define damping ratio?
18. Sketch the current given by i(t)= 5 – 4 e-20t
19. What are the three cases involved in R-L-C transients
20. Define a time constant?
21. Write complete solution of current for RL series circuit with AC excitation
22. Write complete solution of current for RC series circuit with AC excitation.
23. Write complete solution of current for RLC series circuit with AC excitation.
24. What is the Time constant of RL series circuit?
25. What is the Time constant of RC series circuit?
26. When does transient behavior occur in any circuit?
27. How much current will pass through the inductor at t=0, when a series RL circuit is connected to a voltage V at t=0?
28. How much current will pass through the circuit at t=0, when a series RC circuit is connected to a constant voltage at t=0?
29. When the transient current in an RLC current does is oscillatory?
30. Write expression for current in RL series circuit with DC excitation.
31. Write expression for current in RC series circuit with DC excitation.
32. Write expression for current in RLC series circuit with DC excitation.
33. Write expression for power in resistor of RLC series circuit with DC excitation
34. Write expression for power in resistor of RL series circuit with DC excitation.
35. Write expression for power in the resistor of RC series circuit.
36. Define time constant of (a) R-L circuit and (b) R-C circuit
37. If R=40Ω, L=0.2H, C=100µF are connected in series and a step voltage is applied to the circuit. Find the damping ration and frequency of damped oscillations.
38. A dc voltage of 100 volts is applied to a series RL circuit with R=25Ω. What will be the current in the circuit at twice the time constant?
39. Sketch the current given by i(t)=5-4e-20t.
40. A series RL circuit with R=10 Ω and L=0.2H has a constant voltage V=50V applied at t=0. Find the resulting current using the Laplace transform method.
41. A d.c. voltage of 100v is applied to a coil having R=10 Ω and L=10H. What is the value of the current 0.1 sec later the switching on? What is the time taken by the current to reach half of its final value?
Unit 3 PART –A
1. What is a port?
2. What are 2 port networks
3. Define active and passive ports
4. Why Z-parameters are called as open circuit impedance (Z) parameter.
5. Define driving point impedance at port 1 with port 2 open.
6. Define open circuit forward transfer impedance.
7. Give the condition for reciprocally for Z parameters.
8. Why Y parameters are called as short circuit admittance parameters.
9. What are called as sending end and receiving end in case of ABCD parameters?
10. What are the applications of cascaded ABCD parameters?
11. Give the agnation for inverse transmission matrix.
12. Why h-parameters are called as by brick parameters.
13. For a given x11 =3x; 312 = 1? Z21 = 2?, Z22 = 1?, Find admittance matrix and product of AY and AZ.
14. Give the expression of h-parameters in terms of Z-parameters
15. Give the expression of ABCD parameters in terms of Y-parameters.
16. What will be the output of a series connected 2 port networks.
17. In the Lattice network when Zd =0 then the network becomes _____________--
18. When a network will be symmetric in case of lattice network.
19. Give the expression for Z-parameters in case of Lattice network.
20. Draw a parallely connected two port network.
21. Write basic equations representing transmission parameters.
22. Which parameters are preferred for cascade connected networks and why?
23. Connect the two 2–port networks given below in series and simplify.
24. Express the elements of a T–network in terms of the ABCD parameters.
25. Express Z–parameters in terms of the Y–parameters.
26. Show how you can connect two 2–port networks in parallel.
27. What is driving point impedance?
28. In terms of ABCD parameters when is a two-port network symmetrical?
2. What are 2 port networks
3. Define active and passive ports
4. Why Z-parameters are called as open circuit impedance (Z) parameter.
5. Define driving point impedance at port 1 with port 2 open.
6. Define open circuit forward transfer impedance.
7. Give the condition for reciprocally for Z parameters.
8. Why Y parameters are called as short circuit admittance parameters.
9. What are called as sending end and receiving end in case of ABCD parameters?
10. What are the applications of cascaded ABCD parameters?
11. Give the agnation for inverse transmission matrix.
12. Why h-parameters are called as by brick parameters.
13. For a given x11 =3x; 312 = 1? Z21 = 2?, Z22 = 1?, Find admittance matrix and product of AY and AZ.
14. Give the expression of h-parameters in terms of Z-parameters
15. Give the expression of ABCD parameters in terms of Y-parameters.
16. What will be the output of a series connected 2 port networks.
17. In the Lattice network when Zd =0 then the network becomes _____________--
18. When a network will be symmetric in case of lattice network.
19. Give the expression for Z-parameters in case of Lattice network.
20. Draw a parallely connected two port network.
21. Write basic equations representing transmission parameters.
22. Which parameters are preferred for cascade connected networks and why?
23. Connect the two 2–port networks given below in series and simplify.
24. Express the elements of a T–network in terms of the ABCD parameters.
25. Express Z–parameters in terms of the Y–parameters.
26. Show how you can connect two 2–port networks in parallel.
27. What is driving point impedance?
28. In terms of ABCD parameters when is a two-port network symmetrical?
Five marks question
1. Find the Y parameters for the network.
2. Prove that the ‘g’-parameter are the inverse of h-parameters.
3. Find the h-parameters of the network shown
4. Derive the expression for Z-parameters in terms of Y-parameters.
5. Derive the expression for transmission parameters in terms of Z-parameters.
6. Explain in detail about methods of connection of two port network and what do you infer from that.
7. Derive the expression for Z-parameters in case of lattice network.
8. For the hybrid equivalent circuit shown
a. determine current gain
b. determine voltage gain
9. Find the current transfer ratio I2/I1 for network shown.
10. The hybrid parameters of a 2 port network are h11 = 1k; h12 = 0.003; h21=100; h22 = 50. Find r2 and Z parameters of network.
11. Draw the circuit diagram of a two port network using h parameters and derive its Condition of symmetry.
12. Give the difference between the Transmission and Inverse Transmission Parameters for reciprocity and symmetry.
13. Derive expressions for evaluating the driving point impedance at the output port of a network having source impedance at the input, in terms of (I) Z–parameters of the network, and (ii) Y–parameters of the network.
1. Find the Y parameters for the network.
2. Prove that the ‘g’-parameter are the inverse of h-parameters.
3. Find the h-parameters of the network shown
4. Derive the expression for Z-parameters in terms of Y-parameters.
5. Derive the expression for transmission parameters in terms of Z-parameters.
6. Explain in detail about methods of connection of two port network and what do you infer from that.
7. Derive the expression for Z-parameters in case of lattice network.
8. For the hybrid equivalent circuit shown
a. determine current gain
b. determine voltage gain
9. Find the current transfer ratio I2/I1 for network shown.
10. The hybrid parameters of a 2 port network are h11 = 1k; h12 = 0.003; h21=100; h22 = 50. Find r2 and Z parameters of network.
11. Draw the circuit diagram of a two port network using h parameters and derive its Condition of symmetry.
12. Give the difference between the Transmission and Inverse Transmission Parameters for reciprocity and symmetry.
13. Derive expressions for evaluating the driving point impedance at the output port of a network having source impedance at the input, in terms of (I) Z–parameters of the network, and (ii) Y–parameters of the network.
IV UNIT
PART - A
What is a filter
1. What are the classification of filters
2. Define a neper
3. Define decibel.
4. Define band pass filter and band elimination filter.
5. Define low pass and high pass filters
6. Draw the ladder structure of the filter network.
7. Give the formula for characteristic impedance of symmetrical T-Section.
8. Define propagation constant
9. Give the formula for propagation constant of (a) T-network (b) π – network.
10. Give the classification of pass band and stop band.
11. Give the characteristic impedance in the pass and stop band.
12. What is a prototype filter?
13. Give the formula for cut-off frequency of a prototype filter.
14. Design a low pass filter (both π and T) has a cut off frequency of 2KHZ to operate with terminated load resistance of 500r.
15. Give the plot for characteristic impedance with respect to frequency in case of constant K high pass filter.
16. Give the cut –off frequency of m-derived a. Low pass filter b. High pass filter
17. Give the cut off frequency of (a) BPF (b) BEF
18. What is an attenuator and give its types.
19. Give the design equation for (a) T-type attenuator (b)? -type attenuators (c) Bridged T-attenuator.
20. Design a symmetrical bridge T-attenuate with an attenuation of 20dB and terminated into a load of 500m.
21. What are the uses of attenuators?
22. Define Neper and Decibel units for attenuation and give their
interrelationship.
23. Define propagation constant for a network.
24. Draw the normalized frequency response characteristic of a Butterworth Low Pass Filter and show the effect of increasing the filter order.
25. Discuss the merits of m–derived filters.
26. Discuss the short comings of constant K filter section.
27. Differentiate between active and passive filters.
28. Mention the various applications of filters.
29. Draw the ideal characteristics of low pass, high pass, band pass, band Elimination filters.
30. How do you classify various filters?
31. Discuss the merits and demerits of digital over analog filters.
32. Explain where we use attenuators.
33. Define active and passive circuit elements.
34. Write names of different types of filters.
35. What are composite filters?
36. What are values of inductances and capacitances in m derived band stop filters.
37. What are the conditions for characteristic impedances in the pass and stop bands?
Part b
38. Design a constant K low pass T-section filter to be terminated in 600ohms having cut off frequency of 3KHz.Determine: A: attenuation at 6 KHz. B: the characteristic impedance at 2 KHz.
1. Design an attenuator to operate on a characteristic resistance of 500 ohms to provide an attenuation of 15dB.
2. Derive expression for attenuation, propagation constant and characteristic impedance for pi- type filter.
3. Derive expression for attenuation, propagation constant and the character impedance for p type filter.
4. Design an m–derived low pass filter having a cut–off frequency of 1 kHz, design impedance of, and resonant frequency 1100 Hz. Obtain T–section and π –section filters.
5. Determine the cut off frequency for the T and π–section low pass filters shown below.
Also find the m–derived sections to have resonant frequencies of 1700 Hz and 3300 Hz for T and? networks respectively.
6. Derive the expression for propagation constant, characteristic impedence (Z0) of T-network and π network.
7. Derive the expression for cut-off frequency, for the constant k low pass and high pass filter.
1. Derive the expression for resonant frequency, for m-derived low pass and high pass filter.Derive the expression for cut off frequency L1, C1, L2, C2 for BPF and BEF.
1. What are the classification of filters
2. Define a neper
3. Define decibel.
4. Define band pass filter and band elimination filter.
5. Define low pass and high pass filters
6. Draw the ladder structure of the filter network.
7. Give the formula for characteristic impedance of symmetrical T-Section.
8. Define propagation constant
9. Give the formula for propagation constant of (a) T-network (b) π – network.
10. Give the classification of pass band and stop band.
11. Give the characteristic impedance in the pass and stop band.
12. What is a prototype filter?
13. Give the formula for cut-off frequency of a prototype filter.
14. Design a low pass filter (both π and T) has a cut off frequency of 2KHZ to operate with terminated load resistance of 500r.
15. Give the plot for characteristic impedance with respect to frequency in case of constant K high pass filter.
16. Give the cut –off frequency of m-derived a. Low pass filter b. High pass filter
17. Give the cut off frequency of (a) BPF (b) BEF
18. What is an attenuator and give its types.
19. Give the design equation for (a) T-type attenuator (b)? -type attenuators (c) Bridged T-attenuator.
20. Design a symmetrical bridge T-attenuate with an attenuation of 20dB and terminated into a load of 500m.
21. What are the uses of attenuators?
22. Define Neper and Decibel units for attenuation and give their
interrelationship.
23. Define propagation constant for a network.
24. Draw the normalized frequency response characteristic of a Butterworth Low Pass Filter and show the effect of increasing the filter order.
25. Discuss the merits of m–derived filters.
26. Discuss the short comings of constant K filter section.
27. Differentiate between active and passive filters.
28. Mention the various applications of filters.
29. Draw the ideal characteristics of low pass, high pass, band pass, band Elimination filters.
30. How do you classify various filters?
31. Discuss the merits and demerits of digital over analog filters.
32. Explain where we use attenuators.
33. Define active and passive circuit elements.
34. Write names of different types of filters.
35. What are composite filters?
36. What are values of inductances and capacitances in m derived band stop filters.
37. What are the conditions for characteristic impedances in the pass and stop bands?
Part b
38. Design a constant K low pass T-section filter to be terminated in 600ohms having cut off frequency of 3KHz.Determine: A: attenuation at 6 KHz. B: the characteristic impedance at 2 KHz.
1. Design an attenuator to operate on a characteristic resistance of 500 ohms to provide an attenuation of 15dB.
2. Derive expression for attenuation, propagation constant and characteristic impedance for pi- type filter.
3. Derive expression for attenuation, propagation constant and the character impedance for p type filter.
4. Design an m–derived low pass filter having a cut–off frequency of 1 kHz, design impedance of, and resonant frequency 1100 Hz. Obtain T–section and π –section filters.
5. Determine the cut off frequency for the T and π–section low pass filters shown below.
Also find the m–derived sections to have resonant frequencies of 1700 Hz and 3300 Hz for T and? networks respectively.
6. Derive the expression for propagation constant, characteristic impedence (Z0) of T-network and π network.
7. Derive the expression for cut-off frequency, for the constant k low pass and high pass filter.
1. Derive the expression for resonant frequency, for m-derived low pass and high pass filter.Derive the expression for cut off frequency L1, C1, L2, C2 for BPF and BEF.
UNIT – V
PART – A
2. What is a Hurwitz polynomial?
3. Give any 2 condition for a function to be positive real.
4. Give any 2 conditions for a polynomial to be Hurwitz.
5. Give the steps for the synthesis of reactive on port by Fosters method.
6. The driving point impedance of an LC network is given by determine the first cover form of network.
7. What are the properties of impedance function?
8. What are the properties of admittance function?
9. In the first foster form, the presence of first element capacitor co indicates.
10. What does a pole at infinity indicate
11. Test whether the polynomial P(S) = S3+4S2+5S+2 is Hurwitz.
12. What do we mean by Network synthesis? How is it different from network analysis?
13. Distinguish between Network analysis and synthesis.
14. What is the need of network synthesis?
15. State and prove reciprocity theorem.
16. Discuss the properties of positive real function.
17. State and prove convolution theorem.
18. What are the properties of a positive real function?
19. Test whether the polynomial is Hurwitz.
PART – A
2. What is a Hurwitz polynomial?
3. Give any 2 condition for a function to be positive real.
4. Give any 2 conditions for a polynomial to be Hurwitz.
5. Give the steps for the synthesis of reactive on port by Fosters method.
6. The driving point impedance of an LC network is given by determine the first cover form of network.
7. What are the properties of impedance function?
8. What are the properties of admittance function?
9. In the first foster form, the presence of first element capacitor co indicates.
10. What does a pole at infinity indicate
11. Test whether the polynomial P(S) = S3+4S2+5S+2 is Hurwitz.
12. What do we mean by Network synthesis? How is it different from network analysis?
13. Distinguish between Network analysis and synthesis.
14. What is the need of network synthesis?
15. State and prove reciprocity theorem.
16. Discuss the properties of positive real function.
17. State and prove convolution theorem.
18. What are the properties of a positive real function?
19. Test whether the polynomial is Hurwitz.
PART –B
1. Realize the driving point impedance as Foster's first and second forms from
Z(s) = (S2+l) (S2+4) / s (s2+2)
2. Find the first caver form of function
3. Find the first and second foster forms the function
4. Find the first and second caver network of the given function.
5. Determine the Foster's first form after synthesizing the RL driving point impedance function.
Z(S) = (s+1) (s+3) / (S +2) (S +4)
6. Realize the function in the both Foster forms.
E(s) = s(s+4)
2(s2+l) (s2+9)
7. Synthesize the following impedance function in Foster-1 and Cauer forms
Z(s) = (s2+4)( s2+25)
s (s2+9)
8. A: State the properties of LC driving point impedance function.
B: Synthesize the LC driving point impedance function
Z (s) = 10s+1
4s2 +s+4
to get Causer first and second forms and draw the network.
9. For the given denominator polynomial of a network function, verify the stability of the network using Routh criteria.
Q {s) = s5 + 3s4 + 4s3 + 5s2 + 6s + 1
10. For the given denominator polynomial of a network function, verify the stability of the network using Routh criteria.
Q(s) = s4 + s3 + 2s2+ 2s +2
11. Find the second Cauer form of the function
S2 + 4s + 3
Z(s) =----------------
s2 + 8s + 12
12. Find the first Foster form and the Causer form of the network whose driving point admittance is
3(s + 2) (s + S)
S(s + 3)
1. Realize the driving point impedance as Foster's first and second forms from
Z(s) = (S2+l) (S2+4) / s (s2+2)
2. Find the first caver form of function
3. Find the first and second foster forms the function
4. Find the first and second caver network of the given function.
5. Determine the Foster's first form after synthesizing the RL driving point impedance function.
Z(S) = (s+1) (s+3) / (S +2) (S +4)
6. Realize the function in the both Foster forms.
E(s) = s(s+4)
2(s2+l) (s2+9)
7. Synthesize the following impedance function in Foster-1 and Cauer forms
Z(s) = (s2+4)( s2+25)
s (s2+9)
8. A: State the properties of LC driving point impedance function.
B: Synthesize the LC driving point impedance function
Z (s) = 10s+1
4s2 +s+4
to get Causer first and second forms and draw the network.
9. For the given denominator polynomial of a network function, verify the stability of the network using Routh criteria.
Q {s) = s5 + 3s4 + 4s3 + 5s2 + 6s + 1
10. For the given denominator polynomial of a network function, verify the stability of the network using Routh criteria.
Q(s) = s4 + s3 + 2s2+ 2s +2
11. Find the second Cauer form of the function
S2 + 4s + 3
Z(s) =----------------
s2 + 8s + 12
12. Find the first Foster form and the Causer form of the network whose driving point admittance is
3(s + 2) (s + S)
S(s + 3)
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